Introduction:
Linux is a powerful and open-source operating system kernel that forms the core of many Unix-like operating systems. It was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and has since become a cornerstone of modern computing. Linux is known for its stability, security, and versatility, making it a popular choice for a wide range of applications, from servers and supercomputers to embedded systems and personal computers.
The architecture of Linux:
Key Features:
Open Source
Variety of Distributions
Command-Line Interface (CLI)
Multi-User and Multi-Tasking
Security
Stability
Networking
Portability
Large Software Ecosystem
Community Support
Common Use Cases:
Server Hosting: Linux is a dominant choice for web servers, cloud infrastructure, and data centres due to its stability and security.
Desktop Computing: Many Linux distributions offer user-friendly desktop environments, making Linux a viable option for personal computing.
Embedded Systems: Linux is commonly used in embedded systems, including IoT devices, routers, and smart appliances.
Development: Linux is a preferred platform for software development due to its developer-friendly environment and extensive development tools.
Scientific Computing: Linux is widely used in scientific research, thanks to its compatibility with scientific software and supercomputing capabilities.
Basic Linux Commands:
pwd: Print the current working directory.
ls: List files and directories in the current directory.
cd: Change the current directory.
mkdir: Create a new directory.
date: It shows the current date and time.
uname: It shows the name of the kernel (OS).
uname -r: It shows the version of the kernel.
clear: Use to clear the screen.
whoami: It shows the current login user name.
history: It shows the list of previously used commands.
